Vintage Model Sailmaking

Now that we have a source of supply for cotton sailcloth, it became worthwhile to put up the material on the theory and practice of sailmaking in the vintage era. The first article is a short discussion of theory. We then move on to the most complete set of instructions on how to sew a set of sails from cotton. The next article discusses the one thing that is possible on a free-sailing boat and difficult in R/C: spinnakers. Finally there is a treatise on proportions of sails for the Marblehead class of boats.

These articles represent the state of the art of 50 years ago or more. The modern expert on model sails, and a good source if you want to have a suit made, is Rod Carr.

Rod Carr's Observations

After reading these pages, Rod offered the following observations on the difference between the freesailing designs of the 40's and the R/C sails of today:

Modern panel joint tapers produce a vertical camber distribution that is the opposite of what the 1940 texts say. I do believe that it was likely that the flat headed vintage sails were the result of two requirements:

a) As the cloth was asked to carry more load near the head, it would deform more, hence cutting hollow in the luff would remove some of that unwanted camber.

b) The camber was defined as unwanted, because camber high in the sail can result in excessive heel, and as the boat heeled in a puff, it seems logical that the vane skipper would opt for the sail to be flatter up there to release the wind and reduce the heel. We all know that balance changes as a function of heel angle, and without a rudder to counteract things in real time like we R/C types, an automatic means of controlling heeling episodes with a flat section in the top of the sail seems sensible.

The concern with heeling is reinforced by the fact that freesailing models, because they had to be able to sail anywhere in a pond, have substantially less draft than modern R/C boats, which can be steered to the deeper parts.

Cotton Sailcloth

After a two-year search we finally found a source for the close-weave (120 threads per inch or more), long-staple ("Egyptian," "Sea Island," or "Pima") cotton cloth: Kiyo Designs in Annapolis, MD. We ran tests and it passed, but it turned out to have too much stretch for a satisfactory set of M class sails. Nancy Hoyt, proprietor of Kiyo Designs, continues to search for us, so contact her to see what is currently available.